Caucasus' Early Bronze
- Index -

www.uygurworld.com

Leading Document

  • Kavtaradze, Giorgi A. (Tbilissi) - 2004, observe.htm

    Cooperating Documents

  • Alyilmaz, Cengiz (Erzerum) - On the Bugut Mausoleum Complex (Mongolia)
  • Aurenche, Olivier (MOM) - Les étapes du processus de néolithisation
  • et al. (Tbilissi, Academie des Sciences) - Anthropology and Archaeology
  • Basham, Arthur L. - On the Aryan Invasions, in The Wonder That Was India
  • Bernal, Martin - On the Aryan Invasions, in Black Athena
  • Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca - Genes, Peoples, and Languages
  • Chataigner, Christine - La préhistoire du Petit Caucase.
  • Davis-Kimball, Jeannine - Ancient nomads, female warriors and priestesses (Saka, Sauromatians, and Sarmatians).
  • Dyson, Robert H. - Hasanlu Tepe.
  • X (Esagil) - L'Assyrie (Assur)
  • Genest, Jeremiah - The Turks, i.e. Tourkoi, Bulgars, Oghuz, Seldjuks,....
  • Gimbutas, Marija - The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe 3500 - 3500 BC
  • Gimbutas, Marija - The Civilization of the Goddess
  • Gordon, Cyrus H. - On the Aryan Invasions
  • Grigoryev, S.A. - The Sintashta Culture and some Questions of Indo-Europeans Origins.
  • Heinsohn, Gunnar - Who Were the Hyksos ?
  • HSC (Boston) - a copper metallurgy
  • Hole, Frank (Columbia) - Neolithic
  • Kavtaradze, G.A. (Tbilissi) - Metallurgy at Amiranis Gora (Akhaltsikhe - Fig.5) in the south-western parts of the region.
  • Kavtaradze, G.A.-"Some Problems of the Interrelation of Caucasian and Anatolian Bronze Age Cultures.,"
  • Kleijn, L. (Moskwa) - The coming of the Aryans : who and whence?
  • Landon, Dale E. (Indiana Un.) - The Hurrians and the Ancient Near East History
  • Lucas, H. (Den Haag) - The origins of the First Farmers (TRB Culture),
  • (Belface), 1989,  [E-Text] In Search of the Indo-Europeans.
  • Review by John Noble Wilford (The New York Times) - Mellars, Paul (Cambridge) : Carbon dating dashes old theories.
  • Owen, Bruce (Sonoma) - Radiocarbon calibrated dates
  • Özdogan, Mehmet et al. - KÖyden Kente Yakindogu'da Ilk Yerlesimler - From Village to Cities. Early Villages in the Near East
  • Peasnall, Brian and Mitchell S. Rothman, Tepe () - Gawra XI A - Amuq F - cultural complex
  • Reinhart-Waller, Geraldine () - The Alekseev Manuscript: the Kura-Araxes culture.
  • Renfrew, Colin - Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins
  • Rothman, Mitchell S. (Chester) - Beyond the frontiers : Muş/Mus/Mush in the late bronze to roman periods
  • Sagona, A. (Melbourn) - Sos Höyük
  • Shupp, Mike (Northridge) - Ubaid
  • Woolley, Leonard, The Art of The Middle East : 6 - The Hurri
  • Yener, K. Aslihan (OIC) - Tell Judeidah (Amuq valley) Phases F-F/G
  • Yener, Aslihan (OIC) - Bronze Age Source of Tin Found in Turkey.

    Supporting Web Documents

  • Anthony, David W. - Horse, wagon & chariot: Indo-European languages and archaeology, Antiquity Sept/1995
  • * Buccellati, Giorgio (UCLA)- 1990 "Trade in Metals (Tell Mozan)" in Bounni Volume.
  • Burger, Gisela - 1992 "Eine neue Beurteilung der Transkaukasischen (TK) Rapiere und ihre Rolle im Zirkumpontischen Gebiet." Symposia Thracologia NR.9.
  • Compareti, Matteo; Paola Raffetta; Gianroberto Scarcia (Eds.), Oct/2003 - Studies presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday (1=Bukhara; 2=Alanic history and Ossetians; 3=Ulaanbaatar/Çeçerleg;).
  • - 1958 "Eastern Anatolia in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages." Anatolian Studies-VIII:157-209.
  • - 1989 "Hurrians and Proto-Indo-Europeans : the ethnic context of the Early Trans-Caucasian Culture," in: Anatolia and the Ancient Near East : Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç.
  • Charpin, Dominique (Paris) - L’Ourartou et les Ourartéens
  • Davis-Kimball, Jeannine & Leonid T. Yablonsky - 1995 Excavations at Pokrovka, (120km south of Orenburg) of kurgan of Sauro-Sarmatian culture (iron-age warriors).
  • Davis-Kimball, Jeannine ; Eileen M. Murphy; Ludmila Koryakova and Leonid T. Yablonksy - Kurgan metallurgy (BAR-890)
  • ** Davis-Kimball, Jeannine - the Issyk Kurgan (1969, Alma Ata / Almaty, Kazakhstan).
  • Dundua, T. and N. Mitsishvili - Prehistory. Zn Appendix to “Georgia. Early Origin” (Trialeti)
  • * Gandulla, Bernardo, 2002, The Khirbet Kerak ware (KKW) and the Ethnicity : an alternative approach, RAI-48, Leiden
  • * Georgian State Museum - 2001, Pottery : Kvatskhelebi-Khizanaant Gora
  • Hunter, Erica (Cambridge), Anatolia before the Greeks
  • * - 1996,  [E-Text] Probleme der historischen Geographie Anatoliens und Transkaukasiens im ersten Jahrtausend v.   Chr., in: Orbis Terrarum 2, Rivista di Storia Geografica del Mondo Antico.   Stuttgart.
  • * Kavtaradze, G. - 1999, "  [E-Text] The importance of metallurgical data for the formation of a central Transcaucasian Chronology," in: The Beginnings of Metallurgy.   Proceedings of the International Conference "The Beginnings of Metallurgy", Bochum 1995, edited by A. Hauptmann, E. Pernicka, Th. Rehren and Ü. Yalçin, pp.67-101. Bochum : Deutsches Bergbau-Museum.
  • Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn : Andirons at Urkesh/Mozan, 2004
  • Littauer, M.A. & J.H. Crouwel - The origin of the true chariot (the Sintashta and Krivoe Ozero veh), Antiquity Dec/1996
  • Lombard, P et al. - La Préhistoire du Petit Caucase ()
  • Özfirat, Aynur - Barbara Helwing (eds.) - Mountains and Valleys
  • Porada, Edith; R.H. Dyson; C.W. Wilkinson - The Art of Ancient Iran, Pre-Islamic Cultures
  • ** Smith, Adam T. () - The Archaeology of Eurasia : I. The Caucasus and Central Steppe.
  • Stronach, David (Berkeley), Notes on a Fortified Building and a ‘Yurt’ in Adjacent Registers of the Arjan Bowl (600 BCE).
  • Stronach, David (Berkeley), Excavations in Daghestan : Velikent (IIIe mill.), Derbent (Sassanide) and the long wall of Khosrow.
  • Y (HinduNet) - Proto-Indoaryans, Mitanni, Hurrians
  • Z - Languages of the Caucasus (Caucasian Languages)
  • Pictures from the Steppe Kingdoms

    Integrated Links

    		- A -
  • Academy of Science, Institute of History and Ethnology, Melikishvili St.10, Tbilisi-380079
  • Tell Asmar (Eshnunna), (map, by Clemens Reichel)
  • Tell Atchana, on the road from Antakya to the Syrian border and Alep
  • the Alazani valley (in Kakheti, the eastern part of east Georgia)
  • the ‘Late Chalcolithic’ levels of Alishar (central Anatolia).
  • the latest burials of Amiranis Gora.
  • Amiranis Gora (Akhaltsikhe - Fig.5) in the south-western parts of the region.
  • Arukhlo/Nakhiduri I
  • arsenic (BAR-890)
  • Arslantepe VI A (Malatya
  • Aryans
    		- B -
  • * Berikldebi
    		- C -
  • Tell al-Judaidah and Çatal Höyük, both in the Amuq valley.
    		- D -
  • Dalma
  • * Dangreuli Gora
  • * Didube
  • OIC Diyala Project
    		- E -
  • Erzurum
    		F
    		 G
  • * Gaitmazi
  • Tepe Gawra XVI (or of the Ubaid 3 period)
  • Map of Georgia
  • the Late Uruk colony in Godin Tepe V, in central Iran.
  • Geoy Tepe
  • golden, silver and bronze artifacts) of the second group of the kurgans of the Trialeti culture,
    		H
  • Halaf
  • Harappa (Indus Valley)
  • Hassuna
  • Hassuna
  • the Hurrians, living in upper Mesopotamia in the late-third millennium B.C.
  • the people of eastern Anatolia in the Early Bronze Age could be identified as Hurrians
    		I
    Indo-Aryan
  • Directory of Cities and Towns in Ostan-e Gilan, North Iran.

    		 J
  • Tell Judeidah / Judeideh is located in the turkish Antakya's lake plain
    		K
  • the eight kurgans of the Karmirberd culture
  • Karaz Ware”)
  • the late Karmirberd (Kotayk)
  • Khizanaant Gora, Kvatskhelebi (near Kareli)
  • * Khizanaant Gora
  • The Kül Tepe in the plain of the Araxes river is not to be confused with the Turkish Kanesh close to Kayseri.   This new one is located just between and at the longitude of the two lakes Sevana and Urmia, like the Urartean Alishar and the modern Naxcishevan.   Kül Tepe I and Kül Tepe II are close by but not the same location.
  • xx Kura-Araxes
  • Kurban Höyük is located in the Karababa basin, north-west of Urfa
  • Kül Tepe
  • * the final layers of Level B at Kvatskhelebi-Khizanaant Gora
    		L
    		 M
  • Directory of Cities and Towns in Ostan-e Gilan, North Iran.
  • Maikop culture of northern Caucasia
  • the kurgans (barrows) of the Martqop / Ulevari and Samgori valleys
  • the later group of Martqopi kurgans with pit graves.
  • Martqopi kurgans: Ne pas confondre Martkopi avec Maykop/Maikop (south Russia), a major bronze age culture situated in Cis-caucasia, from the Taman peninsula (Azov Sea) nearly to the modern border of Dagestan, and approximately centered on the modern Republic of Adygea (whose capital is precisely Maykop), on the Kuban River.
  • K. Aslihan Yener - trade in metal ores: MANAGING METALS : AN EARLY BRONZE AGE TIN PRODUCTION SITE AT GÖLTEPE, TURKEY
  • Rothman, Mitchell S. (Chester) - Migration routes from their Trans-Caucasian homeland
  • Mughan, Azerbaijan.
  • * Museum (Tbilissi)
    		N
  • the Novosvobodnaya (Tsarskaya) stage of the north Caucasian Maikop culture
    		O
  • importance of obsidian
  • obsidian was found in great quantity in the sites of the Ararat valley, south of the source in the Gegam mountain.
  • * Ozni
    		P
  • Level XI at Pulur (Sakyol)
    		Q
    		 R
    		 S
  • Samara
  • * Samshvilde
  • Thttp://www.mongolart.mn/contact.htmlhe Shulaveri-Shomu's calibrated 14C dates : The earliest metal artefacts of the Caucasian zone originated from the settlements of the Shulaveri-Shomu Tepe culture, at Arukhlo/Nakhiduri I (South-Eastern Georgia) and Gargalar Tepesi (western Azerbaijan), sites on the middle flow of the Kura River.   More than 10 dates were documented.
  • Shulaveri-Shomu
  • Sioni
  • the Didube-Kiketi and the Sioni (Iori River valley)-Gremi (Alazani River valley) groups
  • Sos Höyük,
  • Tell Sotto
    		T
  • * Tbilissi (Museum)
  • Teghut
  • the Trialeti
  • the later kurgans of the early Trialeti
  • * Tsikhiagora
  • Early Bronze Age north-east Iranian sites (Tureng Tepe III C)
    		U
  • Ubaid 3
  • Umm Dabaghiah Urmia-Sees
  • Tepe (37°00'N, 45°13'E), the largest site in the Qadar River valley, south of Lake Urmia. It dominates the small plain known as Solduz.
    		V
    		 W
    		 X
    		 Y
  • Yarim Tepe - Fig.4)
    		Z

    Concerned Paper Only Documents

  • Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C.; David Anthony, et als. - Archaeology and Language : an attempts to trace and date Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European spearkers (Andronovo, Margiana). Current Anthropology, vol.-43(2002):pages 63-88

  • Univ. Heidelberg
  • Charriot
  • * [ Kvatskhelebi ]

  • (KBR: 24.252 b R 14 (Magasin - Salle de lecture générale))
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    • EAA : 9th Annual Meeting in St. Petersburg, Russia: Programme. - ... Results and Perspectives of the Research of Alakul Mound Necropolis of Middle Bronze Age C ...